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.Ordo: (Latin, pl.ordines) The script of the liturgy, or public rites, of agiven coronation ritual.Oriflamme: From the Latin aurea flamma, golden flame.A narrow ban-ner of red silk entrusted to medieval French kings by the abbot ofSaint-Denis upon leaving for battle.A symbol of all-out warfare.Peer: From the Old French pair meaning equal. One of superior noblerank selected by the king for special dignity.According to legend,there were twelve peers at the court of Charlemagne.Provost of the merchants: Senior municipal official in Paris, equivalentto mayor.Prudhomme: A man of probity or moral virtue; one possessed of prowess(French, preux).Rehabilitation trial: See Nullification trial.Religion of the monarchy: A systematic belief in the divine virtues andpowers of kings and, by extension, their realms.The cult of sacredkingship was particularly strong in France during the medieval pe-riod.Although imitated by English monarchs, sacred kingship nevergained the same stature in England.Routier: A member of a class of undisciplined adventurers, often unem-ployed soldiers, who lived by plunder or pillage during the HundredYears War. 168 GlossarySalic Law: A law code of ancient Germanic tribes, including the SalianFranks, who were Merovingians, one paragraph of which states: OfSalic land no portion shall come to a woman. Although used toexclude women from succession to the throne, the clause was ap-parently meant communally and did not refer to kingdoms as awhole.Seneschal: From the Old French meaning senior servant. An officialrepresenting a lord who administered estates, a district, or aprovince.Especially common in southwestern France, the seneschalmanaged financial, judicial, and military affairs for his lord s fief.Serf: From the Latin for slave (servus).Refers to the lowest class in themedieval social hierarchy.A serf was bound to the soil of alandowner but could be freed.Sovereign: Person or body in whom ultimate, independent authority re-sides, such as a monarch.Sovereignty: The state of being in supreme command or authority, as inthe case of a monarch.Suzerain: An overlord or feudal lord to whom a vassal has pledged fi-delity.Taxation: Taxes during the Hundred Years War were levied irregularlyand bore many different names such as aid, taille, maltôte, poll tax,and gabelle (salt tax), depending on how they were levied.Tenure: The act of holding (French, tenir) from a superior, especially aswith land from an overlord, whether he be a simple lord, a king, or,in the case of the French sacred kingship so well publicized by Joanof Arc, God.Valois: Region northeast of Paris that gave its name to the dynasty ofFrench kings beginning with Philip VI that ruled from 1328 to1589. Glossary 169Vassal: Term (from Celtic word for servant ) referring to someone whoperformed service to an overlord under the system of vassalage.Thevassal, whether an aristocrat or a simple lord, performed homageand swore fidelity to his suzerain.Vassalage: Originally a system based on a personal bond whereby a vas-sal owed allegiance to a lord for protection.Later, vassals wereawarded fiefs, which they held in tenure from overlords, or suzerains,in exchange for service.Villain (villein): Someone of low birth, especially of serf or peasant sta-tus, and subsequently a base, vulgar, boorish, or evil person.Afterthe thirteenth century, villain and serf were more or less synony-mous terms whereas, previously, French villains in particular hadtechnically been free. ANNOTATEDBIBLIOGRAPHYAllmand, C.T.Henry V.Reprint, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.Au-thoritative modern biography.Clearly written but sophisticated. .The Hundred Years War: England and France at War c.1300 c.1450.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1988.First thirty pagesnarrate the Hundred Years War.Remainder is thematic, including ap-proaches to war, recruitment, and taxation.Scholarly.Barber, Richard W.Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine: A Biography of theBlack Prince.London: Allen Lane, 1978. , ed.and trans.The Life and Campaigns of the Black Prince, from Con-temporary Letters, Diaries and Chronicles, including Chandos Herald s Life ofthe Black Prince.London: Folio Society, 1979.Barrett, W[ilfred] P[hilip], ed.and trans.The Trial of Jeanne d Arc: Translated intoEnglish from the Original Latin and French Documents.With Pierre Cham-pion Dramatis personae, trans.Coley Taylor and Ruth H.Kerr.NewYork: Gotham House, 1932 [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]