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.MacKaye would later credit both William Morris Davis and the Britishbiologist-geographer Thomas Henry Huxley as the initiators of the study of physi-ography.Physiography: An Introduction to the Study of Nature, London: Macmillan andCo., 1877, a seminal book by Huxley, studied the Thames basin, by relating thecharacteristics of the region to the changing effects of tides and atmospheric condi-tions, thus departing from a previous method of study that focused on the classi ca-tion of artifacts.Davis too addressed the dynamic terms of geology by examininguvial activity, erosion, and glaciation.Bryant wrote of Nathaniel Southgate Shaler,Shaler was a student of Agassiz and learned from him the naturalist s approach toscience, the discipline of close observation, the importance of detail, and above allthe signi cance of relationships.This concern for relationships, for interaction andprocess, Shaler carried beyond his purely scienti c work into a consideration of sci-ence s place in society and its in uence upon the character of men.Bryant, TheQuality of the Day, 52.5.MacKaye used the term river system in Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration:Charting the Industrial Wilderness, The Survey Graphic 65 (1 May 1925): 154, 153;|Terrestrial Networks 24and Benton MacKaye, The New Northwest Passage.The Nation 122 (2 June 1926):603.He used watershed and levee in many of his publications.He also used theword ow throughout his work to describe economies, population migrations, anddistribution patterns in addition to uvial movements.6.MacKaye, Regional Planning and Ecology, 349.7.Bryant, The Quality of the Day, 9, 11, 10; and Percy MacKaye.Epoch: The Life ofSteele MacKaye, vol.1, 122 123.Paul Bryant s unpublished dissertation is the bestbook-length biographical text on Benton MacKaye one that had the advantage ofpersonal interviews and correspondence with him.8.Bryant, 12.9.Larry Anderson, Yesterday s City: Steele MacKaye s Grandiose Folly, Chicago His-tory 16 (3, 4) (fall and winter 1987 88): 105, 110 111.10.Bryant, 8.To distinguish himself from his father, for instance, Steele MacKaye addedthe e to the family s surname to regain the Scottish pronunciation.11.Ibid., 15 16.Bryant writes, [Percy MacKaye].sometimes magni es eeting con-tacts into important connections and sometimes mentions important names whenthey have little bearing on his father s career.12.Bryant, 15, 17 18; and Percy MacKaye, Epoch, vol.2, 467 469.13.Benton MacKaye, Geography to Geotechnics.Serial publication in The Survey: 1.Global Law, 87 ( June 1951): 268.14.Benton MacKaye in Percy MacKaye, Epoch, vol.2, 475.15.Benton MacKaye, From Geography to Geotechnics, p.22.16.Philip Boardman, Patrick Geddes: Maker of the Future (Chapel Hill: University ofNorth Carolina Press, 1944), 155, ix.17.Peter Hall, Cities of Tomorrow (Cambridge: Basil Blackwell, 1988), 143 45.PeterHall has demonstrated that the terms paleotechnic and neotechnic were Kropotkin sown, and he notes that Kropotkin met both Howard and Geddes.Pyotr Kropotkin,Fields Factories and Workshops (London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1898), 350; andPatrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1950), 48.18.Novak, 360 363.19.MacKaye proposed to the group that perhaps geotechnics might be a more provocativeterm than regional planning.Several of the RPAA members were skeptical of thenew title, however, though Mumford used it in some of his later writings.In a latercompilation, From Geography to Geotechnics, MacKaye told, with typical modesty andcandor, a story about his reluctance to use the term in relation to his work of the1920s and 1930s because he could not nd it in the dictionary.In the 1940s, Mac-Kaye nally found geotechnics in the dictionary de ned as the applied science ofmaking the world more habitable.I swallowed a howl I lest I should break thelibrary edict of silence.My inhibitions over the years evaporated.The name wasnow respectable.Once in the dictionary it could be employed in all companiesand with a de nition better than my own.And so, at long last, the name.Meanwhile,during those years and under various names, I had been working on the thing.Bry-ant, 24.20.Henri Bergson, Matter and Memory (New York: Humanities Press Inc., 1979), 88.21.Lewis Mumford in a previously unpublished biographical essay on Patrick Geddesentitled, The Geddesian Gambit, ed.Frank G.Novak Jr., Lewis Mumford and Pat-rick Geddes: The Correspondence (London: Routledge, 1995), 363.|Part 1 1.1 SUBTRACTI ON I NVERSI ON REMOTE:APPALACHI AN TRAI LMacKaye s Appalachian Trail proposal was simple.A footpath following thecrest of the Appalachian ridge would travel from Maine to Georgia as onecontinuous trail 2,000 miles in length.Though it was only a footpath, Mac-Kaye characterized the proposal as a transportation project, because by itsplacement, the trail inverted the conventional hierarchy of transportationand development infrastructure [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]