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.The -r option causes the system to be rebooted once it has shutdown.sleep timeCauses the command interpreter to pause for the specified number of seconds.sort filesSorts the specified files.The command has many useful arguments; see the onlinedocumentation.split fileSplits a file into several smaller files.The command has many arguments; see theonline documentation.susu usersu -su - userChanges the current userid to root or to the specified userid (the latter requiresroot privileges).The - option establishes a default environment for the new userid.swapon deviceEnables use of the specified device for swapping (requires root privileges).swapoff deviceDisables use of the specified device for swapping (requires root privileges).syncCompletes all pending input/output operations (requires root privileges).tail filetail - n filetail -f filePrints the last several lines of the specified files.The -n option specifies the numberof lines to be printed.The -f option causes the command to continuously printadditional lines as they are written to the file.talk userLaunches a program that allows a chat-like dialog with the specified user.tar cvf tar_file filestar zcvf tar_file filesCreates a tar file with the specified name, containing the specified files and theirsubdirectories.The z option specified that the tar file will be compressed.tar xvf tar_filetar zxvf tar_fileExtracts the contents of the specified tar file.The z option specified that the tar filehas been compressed.telnet hostOpens a login session on the specified host. topPrints a display of system processes that's continually updated until the user pressesthe q key.traceroute hostUses echo requests to determine and print a network path to the host.umount deviceUnmounts the specified filesystem (generally requires root privileges).uptimePrints the system uptime.wPrints the current system users.wallPrints a message to each user except those who've disabled message reception.Type Ctrl-D to end the message.wc filesPrints the number of characters, words, and lines in the specified files.Table E.1 identifies Linux commands that perform functions similar to MS-DOScommands.The operation of the Linux command is not generally identical to thatof the corresponding MS-DOS command.See the index to this book or the Linuxonline documentation for further information about Linux commands.Table E.1: MS-DOS Commands and Related Linux CommandsMS-DOS LinuxATTRIB chmodCD cdCHKDSKdf, duDELTREE rm -RDIR ls -lDOSKEY(built-in; no need to launch separately)EDITae, vi, and so onEXTRACT tarFCcmp, diffFDISK fdiskFIND grepFORMAT fdformat Table E.1: MS-DOS Commands and Related Linux CommandsMORE moreMOVE mvSORT sortSTARTat, bgXCOPY, XCOPY32 cpF.Open Publication LicenseOpen Publication License, Draft v0.4, 8 June 1999F.1 I.REQUIREMENTS ON BOTHUNMODIFIED AND MODIFIED VERSIONSThe Open Publication works may be reproduced and distributed in whole or inpart, in any medium physical or electronic, provided that the terms of this licenseare adhered to, and that this license or an incorporation of it by reference (with anyoptions elected by the author(s) and/or publisher) is displayed in the reproduction.Proper form for an incorporation by reference is as follows:Copyright (c) by [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]