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.Q-switched versus free- porcine muscle tissue.Journal ofrunning Er-YAG laser efficacy on the root Endodontics 1998; 14: 125 127.canal walls of human teeth: a SEM study.63.Evans M, Davies JK, Sundqvist G, FigdorJournal of Endodontics 2004; 30: 585 588.D.Mechanisms involved in the resistance51.Chen WH.YSGG laser root canal therapy.of Enterococcus faecalis to calciumDentistry Today 2002; 21: 74 77.hydroxide.International Endodontic Journal52.Pitt Ford TR, Rhodes JS, Pitt Ford HE.2002; 35: 221 228.Endodontics: Problem solving in clinical 64.Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögrenpractice.London: Martin Dunitz; 2002.U.Microbiologic analysis of teeth with IRRIGATION AND MEDICATION 145failed endodontic treatment and the out- tetracycline trace molecules fromcome of conservative retreatment.Oral Ledermix paste.Endodontics and DentalSurgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Traumatology 1988; 4: 55 62.Endodontics 1998; 85: 86 93.70.Abbott PV, Hume WR, Pearman JW.65.Sjögren U, Figdor D, Spangberg L, Antibiotics and endodontics.AustralianSundqvist G.The antimicrobial effect of Dental Journal 1990; 35: 50 60.calcium hydroxide as a short-term intra- 71.Harris BM, Wendt SL.The effects of acanal dressing.International Endodontic petroleum-based ointment and water-basedJournal 1991; 24: 119 125.cream on apical seal.Journal of Endodontics66.Spangberg L, Engström B, Langeland K.1987; 13: 122 125.Biological effect of dental materials.3.72.Seow WK.The effects of didacticToxicity and antimicrobial effects of combinations of endodontic medicamentsendodontic antiseptics in vitro.Oral on microbial growth inhibition.PaediatricSurgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1973; Dentistry 1990; 12: 292 297.36: 856 871.73.Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G.67.Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G, Kvist T.Microbiological evaluation of clindamycinMicrobiological status of root-filled teeth as a root canal dressing in teeth with apicalwith apical periodontitis.International periodontitis.International EndodonticEndodontic Journal 1998; 31: 1 7.Journal 1990; 23: 113 118.68.Sanjiwan R, Chandra S, Jaiswal JN, Mats 74.Chong BS, Pitt Ford TR.The role ofAN.The effect of metronidazole on the intracanal medication in root canalanaerobic microorganisms of the root treatment.International Endodontic Journalcanal  a clinical study.Federation of 1992; 25: 97 106.Operative Dentistry 1990; 1: 30 36.75.Sjögren U, Hagglund B, Sundqvist G,69.Abbott PV, Heithersay GS, Hume WR.Wing K.Factors affecting the long-termRelease and diffusion through human results of endodontic treatment.Journal oftooth roots in vitro of corticosteroid and Endodontics 1990; 16: 498 504. 8 INTRODUCTION TO SURGICALENDODONTICSÏ% Ï% Ï%CONTENTS Introduction Prognosis for Endodontic Surgery Current IndicationsÏ% Ï%for Surgery Contraindications to Surgical Endodontics Preoperative PlanningÏ%Referencesis generally inconclusive, and follow-up isINTRODUCTIONrecommended for at least 4 years.4 As withprimary treatment and retreatment, the pres-The main aim of root canal treatment is toence of periapical pathology and an infectedclean and disinfect the root canal system,root canal, or poor root treatment, will have athereby reducing the bacterial load, removingnegative effect on the prognosis of surgicalnecrotic tissue and creating an environment inwhich periapical healing can occur.Non- treatment.5 9 Most surgical failures are theresult of poor disinfection of the root canal10surgical retreatment is considered to provide aand, consequently, it is usually preferable tobetter opportunity to disinfect the root canalhave completed non-surgical retreatmentsystem than a surgical approach, as it isprior to endodontic surgery (Figures 8.1, 8.2).generally not possible to clean the coronal partThere are situations in which a non-surgicalof the root canal system during endodonticapproach may not be feasible, but since thesurgery.1introduction of operating microscopes inendodontics there are now probably fewerindications for using a surgical approach.11,12The techniques available to the endodontistPROGNOSIS FOR ENDODONTICusing a conventional approach have improvedSURGERYenormously and the predictability of disman-tling root fillings to enable disinfection of theMany studies have been published on theroot canal system has increased.prognosis of endodontic surgery but, as withnon-surgical retreatment, there is considerablevariation in the methods that have beenutilized.The approach described by Molven CURRENT INDICATIONS FORet al2 has been universally accepted and shows SURGERYgood correlation with histological assess-ment.3 The outcome following endodontic 1.When conventional treatment or retreatmentsurgery is classified by four categories: has failed [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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